During this interval, the dominant paradigm centered on disc-centric pathology and the integration of minimally invasive diagnostics and therapies for temporomandibular joint disorders. Arthroscopy introduced direct visualization and early therapeutic options, while arthrotomography emerged as a reliable imaging tool that guided surgical planning. Efforts to refine surgical indications for internal derangements emphasized joint preservation and outcome-driven approaches, with biomechanical disc models informing diagnosis and treatment.